

Practical Effects
Pioneering substitution splice—Méliès basically invented movie magic.
Direction
One man, multiple roles, zero CGI, maximum nightmare.

Director
Georges Méliès
Trivia, insights & behind the scenes
Méliès discovered the substitution splice by accident when his camera jammed—film history's happiest mistake.
This is essentially cinema's first 'mad scientist' trope, beating Frankenstein's film debut by three decades.
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